Subsurface voids pose significant risks to geotechnical design. Accurately locating these voids is fundamental for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophy

Geotechnical exploration strategies are vital for characterizing cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly influence the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and landforms. A variety of in situ exploration methods are employed to locate cavities and voids. The

Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and evaluation of potential mineral orebodies. By employing various physical methods, geologists can penetrate beneath the Earth's surface to localize subsurface structures and indicators indicative of mineral concentration. These g